centos 7.0 安装

服务器发布日期：2025年07月10日浏览次数：170次

最小化安装的主要查看硬盘使用时间

需要安装

smartmontools 这个

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y smartmontools
已加载插件：fastestmirror
base                                                     | 3.6 kB     00:00
extras                                                   | 3.4 kB     00:00
updates                                                  | 3.4 kB     00:00
(1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                          |  42 kB   00:00
(2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                         | 6.0 MB   00:02
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com
 * extras: mirrors.yun-idc.com
 * updates: mirrors.yun-idc.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 smartmontools.x86_64.1.6.2-4.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mailx，它被软件包 1:smartmontools-6.2-4.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mailx.x86_64.0.12.5-12.el7_0 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
================================================================================
 Package              架构          版本                   源              大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
 smartmontools        x86_64        1:6.2-4.el7            base           403 k
为依赖而安装:
 mailx                x86_64        12.5-12.el7_0          updates        244 k
事务概要
================================================================================
安装  1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)
总下载量：647 k
安装大小：1.9 M
Downloading packages:
(1/2): mailx-12.5-12.el7_0.x86_64.rpm                      | 244 kB   00:00
(2/2): smartmontools-6.2-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                  | 403 kB   00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                               780 kB/s | 647 kB  00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安装    : mailx-12.5-12.el7_0.x86_64                                  1/2
  正在安装    : 1:smartmontools-6.2-4.el7.x86_64                            2/2
  验证中      : 1:smartmontools-6.2-4.el7.x86_64                            1/2
  验证中      : mailx-12.5-12.el7_0.x86_64                                  2/2
已安装:
  smartmontools.x86_64 1:6.2-4.el7
作为依赖被安装:
  mailx.x86_64 0:12.5-12.el7_0
完毕！
[root@localhost ~]#

查看下硬盘

[root@localhost ~]# df
文件系统           1K-块   已用      可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3       51175000  52896  51122104    1% /
devtmpfs         1918536      0   1918536    0% /dev
tmpfs            1924208      0   1924208    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs            1924208  25016   1899192    2% /run
tmpfs            1924208      0   1924208    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda5       51175000 816060  50358940    2% /usr
/dev/sda8      102309060  32928 102276132    1% /home
/dev/sda6       30705000 198424  30506576    1% /var
/dev/sda2         508588  81632    426956   17% /boot

smartctl 帮助

[root@localhost ~]# smartctl -h
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
Usage: smartctl [options] device
============================================ SHOW INFORMATION OPTIONS =====
  -h, --help, --usage
         Display this help and exit
  -V, --version, --copyright, --license
         Print license, copyright, and version information and exit
  -i, --info
         Show identity information for device
  --identify[=[w][nvb]]
         Show words and bits from IDENTIFY DEVICE data                (ATA)
  -g NAME, --get=NAME
        Get device setting: all, aam, apm, lookahead, security, wcache, rcache, wcreorder
  -a, --all
         Show all SMART information for device
  -x, --xall
         Show all information for device
  --scan
         Scan for devices
  --scan-open
         Scan for devices and try to open each device
================================== SMARTCTL RUN-TIME BEHAVIOR OPTIONS =====
  -q TYPE, --quietmode=TYPE                                           (ATA)
         Set smartctl quiet mode to one of: errorsonly, silent, noserial
  -d TYPE, --device=TYPE
         Specify device type to one of: ata, scsi, sat[,auto][,N][+TYPE], usbcypress[,X], usbjmicron[,p][,x][,N], usbsunplus, marvell, areca,N/E, 3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N, megaraid,N, cciss,N, auto, test
  -T TYPE, --tolerance=TYPE                                           (ATA)
         Tolerance: normal, conservative, permissive, verypermissive
  -b TYPE, --badsum=TYPE                                              (ATA)
         Set action on bad checksum to one of: warn, exit, ignore
  -r TYPE, --report=TYPE
         Report transactions (see man page)
  -n MODE, --nocheck=MODE                                             (ATA)
         No check if: never, sleep, standby, idle (see man page)
============================== DEVICE FEATURE ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS =====
  -s VALUE, --smart=VALUE
        Enable/disable SMART on device (on/off)
  -o VALUE, --offlineauto=VALUE                                       (ATA)
        Enable/disable automatic offline testing on device (on/off)
  -S VALUE, --saveauto=VALUE                                          (ATA)
        Enable/disable Attribute autosave on device (on/off)
  -s NAME[,VALUE], --set=NAME[,VALUE]
        Enable/disable/change device setting: aam,[N|off], apm,[N|off],
        lookahead,[on|off], security-freeze, standby,[N|off|now],
        wcache,[on|off], rcache,[on|off], wcreorder,[on|off]
======================================= READ AND DISPLAY DATA OPTIONS =====
  -H, --health
        Show device SMART health status
  -c, --capabilities                                                  (ATA)
        Show device SMART capabilities
  -A, --attributes
        Show device SMART vendor-specific Attributes and values
  -f FORMAT, --format=FORMAT                                          (ATA)
        Set output format for attributes: old, brief, hex[,id|val]
  -l TYPE, --log=TYPE
        Show device log. TYPE: error, selftest, selective, directory[,g|s],
                               xerror[,N][,error], xselftest[,N][,selftest],
                               background, sasphy[,reset], sataphy[,reset],
                               scttemp[sts,hist], scttempint,N[,p],
                               scterc[,N,M], devstat[,N], ssd,
                               gplog,N[,RANGE], smartlog,N[,RANGE]
  -v N,OPTION , --vendorattribute=N,OPTION                            (ATA)
        Set display OPTION for vendor Attribute N (see man page)
  -F TYPE, --firmwarebug=TYPE                                         (ATA)
        Use firmware bug workaround:
        none, nologdir, samsung, samsung2, samsung3, xerrorlba, swapid
  -P TYPE, --presets=TYPE                                             (ATA)
        Drive-specific presets: use, ignore, show, showall
  -B [+]FILE, --drivedb=[+]FILE                                       (ATA)
        Read and replace [add] drive database from FILE
        [default is +/etc/smartmontools/smart_drivedb.h
         and then    /usr/share/smartmontools/drivedb.h]
============================================ DEVICE SELF-TEST OPTIONS =====
  -t TEST, --test=TEST
        Run test. TEST: offline, short, long, conveyance, force, vendor,N,
                        select,M-N, pending,N, afterselect,[on|off]
  -C, --captive
        Do test in captive mode (along with -t)
  -X, --abort
        Abort any non-captive test on device
=================================================== SMARTCTL EXAMPLES =====
  smartctl --all /dev/hda                    (Prints all SMART information)
  smartctl --smart=on --offlineauto=on --saveauto=on /dev/hda
                                              (Enables SMART on first disk)
  smartctl --test=long /dev/hda          (Executes extended disk self-test)
  smartctl --attributes --log=selftest --quietmode=errorsonly /dev/hda
                                      (Prints Self-Test & Attribute errors)
  smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/sda
  smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/twe0
  smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/twa0
  smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/twl0
          (Prints all SMART info for 3rd ATA disk on 3ware RAID controller)
  smartctl --all --device=hpt,1/1/3 /dev/sda
          (Prints all SMART info for the SATA disk attached to the 3rd PMPort
           of the 1st channel on the 1st HighPoint RAID controller)
  smartctl --all --device=areca,3/1 /dev/sg2
          (Prints all SMART info for 3rd ATA disk of the 1st enclosure
           on Areca RAID controller)
[root@localhost ~]#

先扫描一下

[root@localhost ~]# smartctl --scan
/dev/sda -d scsi # /dev/sda, SCSI device

然后显示信息

[root@localhost ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Seagate SV35.5
Device Model:     ST3250311SV
Serial Number:    9VY2FF0C
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 009e091cd
Firmware Version: CV12
User Capacity:    250,059,350,016 bytes [250 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Mon Dec 22 09:52:57 2014 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82) Offline data collection activity
                                        was completed without error.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                (  592) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (  42) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x10bb) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   114   082   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       81184867
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   097   097   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   099   099   020    Old_age   Always       -       1454
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   098   098   036    Pre-fail  Always       -       93
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   078   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       78905713
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   095   095   000    Old_age   Always       -       4716
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       760
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       6520
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   092   000    Old_age   Always       -       111670855328
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   051   051   000    Old_age   Always       -       49
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   074   061   045    Old_age   Always       -       26 (Min/Max 15/34)
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   026   040   000    Old_age   Always       -       26 (0 8 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x001a   052   040   000    Old_age   Always       -       81184867
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   098   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       6
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 6687 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
        CR = Command Register [HEX]
        FR = Features Register [HEX]
        SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
        SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
        CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
        CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
        DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
        DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
        ER = Error register [HEX]
        ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 6687 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4492 hours (187 days + 4 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 34 97 e8 00  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00e89734 = 15243060
  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  42 00 ff 80 96 e8 40 00      14:38:21.748  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
  42 ff ff 01 1c e2 e0 00      14:38:19.940  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
  42 00 ff 02 1b e2 40 00      14:38:19.890  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
  42 ff ff 1c 01 e2 e0 00      14:38:19.866  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
  42 00 ff 1d 00 e2 40 00      14:38:19.815  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
Error 6686 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4453 hours (185 days + 13 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ab 7a 94 0d  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0d947aab = 227834539
  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 00 ba 79 94 4d 00      01:45:18.075  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04      01:45:17.543  NOP [Abort queued commands]
  60 00 00 ba 6d 94 4d 00      01:45:16.445  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 ba 6c 94 4d 00      01:45:16.435  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 ba 6b 94 4d 00      01:45:16.435  READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 6685 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4453 hours (185 days + 13 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ab 7a 94 0d  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0d947aab = 227834539
  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 00 ba 6d 94 4d 00      01:45:16.445  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 ba 6c 94 4d 00      01:45:16.435  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 ba 6b 94 4d 00      01:45:16.435  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 ba 6a 94 4d 00      01:45:16.434  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 ba 69 94 4d 00      01:45:16.433  READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 6684 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4452 hours (185 days + 12 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 48 3a 1e 03  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x031e3a48 = 52312648
  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 00 00 3a 1e 43 00      00:20:57.203  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04      00:20:56.672  NOP [Abort queued commands]
  60 00 00 00 25 1e 43 00      00:20:55.533  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 00 24 1e 43 00      00:20:55.526  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 00 23 1e 43 00      00:20:55.526  READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 6683 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4452 hours (185 days + 12 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 48 3a 1e 03  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x031e3a48 = 52312648
  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 00 00 25 1e 43 00      00:20:55.533  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 00 24 1e 43 00      00:20:55.526  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 00 23 1e 43 00      00:20:55.526  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 00 22 1e 43 00      00:20:55.525  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 00 00 21 1e 43 00      00:20:55.524  READ FPDMA QUEUED
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

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