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当前位置：首页 > 建站学院 > 其他教程 >  Qt怎么用QNetwork实现上传数据

Qt怎么用QNetwork实现上传数据

其他教程   发布日期：2023年07月07日   浏览次数：438次

这篇文章主要介绍了Qt怎么用QNetwork实现上传数据的相关知识，内容详细易懂，操作简单快捷，具有一定借鉴价值，相信大家阅读完这篇Qt怎么用QNetwork实现上传数据文章都会有所收获，下面我们一起来看看吧。

1、利用Qt提供的类实现向服务器发送post和get请求

  1. #include <QCoreApplication>
  2. #include <QNetworkAccessManager>
  3. #include <QNetworkRequest>
  4. #include <QNetworkReply>
  6. #include <QJsonArray>
  7. #include <QJsonDocument>
  8. #include <QJsonObject>
  9. #include <QJsonParseError>
  10. #include <QJsonValue>
  11. #include <QString>
  12. #include <QDebug>
  13. #include <QFile>
  14. #include <QDateTime>
  15. #include <QDir>
  16. #include <QThread>
  18. #pragma execution_character_set("utf-8")
  20. void sendPostRequest()
  21. {
  22.     QNetworkAccessManager *m_pHttpMgr = new QNetworkAccessManager();
  23.     //设置url
  24.     QString url = "http://localhost:80/post";
  25.     //设置头信息
  26.     QNetworkRequest requestInfo;
  27.     requestInfo.setUrl(QUrl(url));
  28.     requestInfo.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader,QVariant("application/json"));
  29.     //requestInfo.setRawHeader("Content-Type","application/json");//服务器要求的数据头部
  30.     //requestInfo.setRawHeader("Accept","text/json,*/*;q=0.5");//服务器要求的数据头部
  32.     //发送数据
  33.     QJsonObject regionObject;
  34.     regionObject.insert("name","333");
  35.     regionObject.insert("height", "2");
  36.     regionObject.insert("dir", "0");
  38.     QJsonArray pointAry;
  39.     pointAry.append(0.8);
  40.     pointAry.append(1.0);
  41.     pointAry.append(0.0);
  43.     pointAry.append(1.8);
  44.     pointAry.append(2.0);
  45.     pointAry.append(0.0);
  47.     regionObject.insert("points", QJsonValue(pointAry));
  49.     QJsonObject jsonObject;
  50.     jsonObject.insert("Code", "asss");
  51.     jsonObject.insert("parentId", 0);
  52.     jsonObject.insert("depot", "past");
  53.     jsonObject.insert("region", QJsonValue(regionObject));
  55.     QJsonDocument jsonDoc;
  56.     jsonDoc.setObject(jsonObject);
  58.     QByteArray qByteHttpData = jsonDoc.toJson();
  59.     QNetworkReply *reply =  m_pHttpMgr->post(requestInfo, qByteHttpData);
  61.     //添加事件循环机制，返回后再运行后面的
  62.     QEventLoop eventLoop;
  63.     QObject::connect(reply, SIGNAL(finished()), &eventLoop, SLOT(quit()));
  64.     eventLoop.exec();       //block until finish
  66.     //错误处理
  67.     if (reply->error() != QNetworkReply::NoError)
  68.     {
  69.         qDebug()<<"request protobufHttp handle errors here";
  70.         QVariant statusCodeV = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
  71.         //statusCodeV是HTTP服务器的相应码，reply->error()是Qt定义的错误码，可以参考QT的文档
  72.         qDebug( "request protobufHttp found error ....code: %d %d
  73. ", statusCodeV.toInt(), (int)reply->error());
  74.         qDebug(qPrintable(reply->errorString()));
  75.     }
  77.     //请求收到的结果
  78.     QByteArray responseByte = reply->readAll();
  79.     QString strRes = responseByte;
  80.     qDebug() << "Post:" << strRes;
  81. }
  83. void sendGetRequest()
  84. {
  85.     QNetworkAccessManager *m_pHttpMgr = new QNetworkAccessManager();
  87.     //设置url
  88.     QString url = "http://localhost:80/Get;
  89.     QNetworkRequest requestInfo;
  90.     requestInfo.setUrl(QUrl(url));
  92.     //添加事件循环机制，返回后再运行后面的
  93.     QEventLoop eventLoop;
  94.     QNetworkReply *reply =  m_pHttpMgr->get(requestInfo);
  95.     QObject::connect(reply, SIGNAL(finished()), &eventLoop, SLOT(quit()));
  96.     eventLoop.exec();       //block until finish
  98.     //错误处理
  99.     if (reply->error() != QNetworkReply::NoError)
  100.     {
  101.         qDebug()<<"request protobufHttp handle errors here";
  102.         QVariant statusCodeV = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
  103.         //statusCodeV是HTTP服务器的相应码，reply->error()是Qt定义的错误码，可以参考QT的文档
  104.         qDebug( "request protobufHttp found error ....code: %d %d
  105. ", statusCodeV.toInt(), (int)reply->error());
  106.         qDebug(qPrintable(reply->errorString()));
  107.     }
  109.     //请求返回的结果
  110.     QByteArray responseByte = reply->readAll();
  112.     QString strRes = responseByte;
  113.     qDebug() << "Get:" << strRes;
  115.     QFile file(QDir::currentPath() + "/myResponde.json");
  117.     if(!file.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
  118.     {
  119.         qDebug() << "File open error";
  120.     }
  122.     file.write(responseByte);
  123.     file.close();
  124. }
  126. int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  127. {
  128.     QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
  130.     sendPostRequest();
  132.     //sendGetRequest();
  134.     return a.exec();
  135. }

2、实现文件上传

  1. QT       += core gui
  2. QT       += network
  3. greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets
  5. CONFIG += c++11

Qnetworkutils.h 头文件

  1. #ifndef QNETWORKUTILS_H
  2. #define QNETWORKUTILS_H
  4. #include <iostream>
  5. #include <QString>
  6. #include <QNetworkRequest>
  7. using namespace std;
  9. namespace QNetWorkUtils
  10. {
  11.     // http请求数据
  12.     struct HttpRequestData
  13.     {
  14.         HttpRequestData()
  15.         {
  16.             strServer = "127.0.0.1";
  17.             nPort = 8082;
  18.             strUrl = "";
  19.         }
  21.         // 重置数据
  22.         void Reset()
  23.         {
  24.             strServer = "127.0.0.1";
  25.             nPort = 8082;
  26.             strUrl = "";
  27.             bytePostData.clear();
  28.             mapHeaders.clear();
  29.         }
  31.         QString strServer;
  32.         int nPort;
  33.         QString strUrl;
  34.         QByteArray bytePostData;
  35.         std::map<QNetworkRequest::KnownHeaders, QVariant> mapHeaders;
  36.     };
  38.     class CMultiPartItem
  39.     {
  40.     public:
  41.         CMultiPartItem();
  43.         // 该part为一个字符串，可以指定ContentType和ExContentDisposition
  44.         CMultiPartItem(const QString& strName, const QString& strValue,
  45.             const QString& strContentType = "",
  46.             const QString& strExContentDisposition = "");
  48.         // 该part为一个二进制块，可以指定ContentType（如“image/png”，可省略）和ExContentDisposition（如“filename="123.png"”，必须）
  49.         CMultiPartItem(const QString& strName, void* pData, int nLen,
  50.             const QString& strContentType = "",
  51.             const QString& strExContentDisposition = "");
  53.         QString m_sName;
  54.         QString m_sValue;
  55.         void* m_pData;
  56.         int m_nDataLen;
  57.         QString m_sContentType;
  58.         QString m_sExContentDisposition;
  59.     };
  60.     typedef std::vector<CMultiPartItem> CMultiPartDatas;
  62.     //************************************
  63.     // 方法:   发送Get请求
  64.     // 返回值: bool
  65.     // 参数:   const HttpRequestData & data   请求数据
  66.     // 参数:   QByteArray & respData          返回响应数据
  67.     // 参数:   int nTimeoutmsec               请求超时毫秒
  68.     //************************************
  69.     bool HttpGet(
  70.         const HttpRequestData& data,
  71.         QByteArray& respData,
  72.         int nTimeoutmsec = 30000,
  73.         QString errMsg = QString(),
  74.         int* pStatuCode = nullptr);
  76.     //************************************
  77.     // 方法:   发送Post请求
  78.     // 返回值: bool
  79.     // 参数:   const HttpRequestData & data   请求数据
  80.     // 参数:   QByteArray & respData          返回响应数据
  81.     // 参数:   int nTimeoutmsec               请求超时毫秒
  82.     //************************************
  83.     bool HttpPost(const HttpRequestData& data,
  84.                   QByteArray& respData,
  85.                   QString& errMsg,
  86.                   int nTimeoutmsec = 30000);
  88.     //************************************
  89.     // 方法:   Multipart 数据post上传
  90.     // 返回值: bool
  91.     // 参数:   const QString& strURL                  请求URL
  92.     // 参数:   const CMultiPartDatas& multiPartDatas  多部数据集合
  93.     // 参数:   QByteArray & respData                  返回响应数据
  94.     // 参数:   int nTimeoutmsec
  95.     bool UploadMultipartData(
  96.         const QString& strURL,
  97.         const CMultiPartDatas& multiPartDatas,
  98.         QByteArray& respData,
  99.         QString& errMsg,
  100.         int nTimeoutmsec = 30000);
  102.     bool UploadMultipartData(
  103.         const HttpRequestData& data,
  104.         const CMultiPartDatas& multiPartDatas,
  105.         QByteArray& respData,
  106.         QString& errMsg,
  107.         int nTimeoutmsec = 30000);
  108. }
  110. #endif // QNETWORKUTILS_H

Qnetworkutils.cpp 源文件 

  1. #include "networkutils.h"
  2. #include <QNetworkRequest>
  3. #include <QNetworkAccessManager>
  4. #include <QNetworkReply>
  5. #include <QHttpMultiPart>
  6. #include <QEventLoop>
  7. #include <QTimer>
  9. namespace QNetWorkUtils
  10. {
  11.     CMultiPartItem::CMultiPartItem() :
  12.         m_pData(nullptr),
  13.         m_nDataLen(0)
  14.     {
  15.     }
  17.     CMultiPartItem::CMultiPartItem(const QString& strName, const QString& strValue,
  18.         const QString& strContentType /*= ""*/, const QString& strExContentDisposition /*= ""*/)
  19.     {
  20.         m_pData = nullptr;
  21.         m_nDataLen = 0;
  22.         m_sName = strName;
  23.         m_sValue = strValue;
  24.         m_sContentType = strContentType;
  25.         m_sExContentDisposition = strExContentDisposition;
  26.     }
  28.     CMultiPartItem::CMultiPartItem(const QString& strName, void* pData, int nLen,
  29.         const QString& strContentType /*= ""*/, const QString& strExContentDisposition /*= ""*/)
  30.     {
  31.         m_pData = pData;
  32.         m_nDataLen = nLen;
  33.         m_sName = strName;
  34.         m_sContentType = strContentType;
  35.         m_sExContentDisposition = strExContentDisposition;
  36.     }
  38.     //
  39.     bool HttpGet(
  40.         const HttpRequestData& data,
  41.         QByteArray& respData,
  42.         int nTimeoutmsec /*= 30000*/,
  43.         QString& errMsg,
  44.         int* pStatuCode /*= nullptr*/)
  45.     {
  46.         // Assemble Url
  47.         QString strUrl = data.strUrl;
  48.         if (!data.strServer.isEmpty())
  49.             strUrl = data.strServer + ":" + QString::number(data.nPort) + "/" + data.strUrl;
  51.         const QUrl url = QUrl::fromUserInput(strUrl);
  53.         // Send Get Requeset
  54.         QNetworkRequest request(url);
  55.         for (auto iter = data.mapHeaders.begin(); iter != data.mapHeaders.end(); iter++)
  56.         {
  57.             request.setHeader(iter->first, iter->second);
  58.         }
  60.         QNetworkAccessManager qNetAccessManager;
  61.         QNetworkReply* reply = qNetAccessManager.get(request);
  62.         if (reply == nullptr)
  63.             return false;
  65.         // Set time out
  66.         QTimer timer;
  67.         timer.setInterval(nTimeoutmsec);    // 设置超时时间 30 秒
  68.         timer.setSingleShot(true);          // 单次触发
  70.         // Set Loop Event
  71.         QEventLoop eventLoop;
  72.         QObject::connect(&timer, &QTimer::timeout, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
  73.         QObject::connect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
  74.         timer.start();
  75.         int eRes = eventLoop.exec(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);
  77.         bool bResult = false;
  78.         if (timer.isActive())
  79.         {
  80.             timer.stop();
  81.             QNetworkReply::NetworkError replyError = reply->error();
  82.             QVariant variant = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
  83.             int nStatusCode = variant.toInt();
  84.             if (nullptr != pStatuCode)
  85.             {
  86.                 *pStatuCode = nStatusCode;
  87.             }
  89.             if (replyError != QNetworkReply::NoError)
  90.             {
  91.                 errMsg = reply->errorString();
  92.                 qDebug() << "Error String : " << errMsg << "
  93. ";
  94.             }
  95.             else
  96.             {
  97.                 if (nStatusCode == 200)
  98.                 {
  99.                     // Accept Response
  100.                     respData = reply->readAll();
  101.                     bResult = true;
  102.                 }
  103.                 else
  104.                 {
  105.                     bResult = false;
  106.                 }
  107.             }
  108.         }
  109.         else
  110.         {
  111.             QObject::disconnect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
  112.             reply->abort();
  113.             qDebug() << strUrl << ":Timeout
  114. ";
  115.         }
  117.         reply->deleteLater();
  118.         reply = nullptr;
  120.         return bResult;
  121.     }
  123.     bool HttpPost(const HttpRequestData &data, QByteArray &respData, QString &errMsg, int nTimeoutmsec)
  124.     {
  125.         // Assemble Url
  126.         QString strUrl = data.strUrl;
  127.         if (!data.strServer.isEmpty())
  128.             strUrl = data.strServer + ":" + QString::number(data.nPort) + "/" + data.strUrl;
  130.         const QUrl url = QUrl::fromUserInput(strUrl);
  132.         // Send Post Requeset
  133.         QNetworkRequest request(url);
  134.         for (auto iter = data.mapHeaders.begin(); iter != data.mapHeaders.end(); iter++)
  135.         {
  136.             request.setHeader(iter->first, iter->second);
  137.         }
  139.         QNetworkAccessManager qNetAccessManager;
  140.         QNetworkReply* reply = qNetAccessManager.post(request, data.bytePostData);
  141.         if (reply == nullptr)
  142.             return false;
  144.         // Set time out
  145.         QTimer timer;
  146.         timer.setInterval(nTimeoutmsec);    // 设置超时时间 30 秒
  147.         timer.setSingleShot(true);          // 单次触发
  149.         // Set Loop Event
  150.         QEventLoop eventLoop;
  151.         QObject::connect(&timer, &QTimer::timeout, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
  152.         QObject::connect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
  153.         timer.start();
  154.         eventLoop.exec(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);
  156.         bool bResult = false;
  157.         if (timer.isActive())
  158.         {
  159.             timer.stop();
  160.             QNetworkReply::NetworkError replyError = reply->error();
  161.             if (replyError != QNetworkReply::NoError)
  162.             {
  163.                 errMsg = reply->errorString();
  164.                 qDebug() << "Error String : " << reply->errorString() << "
  165. ";
  166.             }
  167.             else
  168.             {
  169.                 QVariant variant = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
  170.                 int nStatusCode = variant.toInt();
  171.                 if (nStatusCode == 200)
  172.                 {
  173.                     // Accept Response
  174.                     respData = reply->readAll();
  175.                     bResult = true;
  176.                 }
  177.             }
  178.         }
  179.         else
  180.         {
  181.             QObject::disconnect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
  182.             reply->abort();
  183.             errMsg = (strUrl + ":Timeout
  184. ");
  185.             qDebug() << strUrl << ":Timeout
  186. ";
  187.         }
  189.         reply->deleteLater();
  190.         reply = nullptr;
  192.         return bResult;
  193.     }
  196.     bool UploadMultipartData(const HttpRequestData &data, const CMultiPartDatas &multiPartDatas, QByteArray &respData, QString &errMsg, int nTimeoutmsec)
  197.     {
  198.         QString strUrl = data.strUrl;
  199.         if (!data.strServer.isEmpty())
  200.             strUrl = data.strServer + ":" + QString::number(data.nPort) + "/" + data.strUrl;
  202.         const QUrl url = QUrl::fromUserInput(strUrl);
  204.         // 创建网络请求
  205.         QNetworkRequest request;
  206.         request.setUrl(url);
  208.         QHttpMultiPart httpMultiPart(QHttpMultiPart::FormDataType);
  209.         // 解决Qt自动解析MultiPart得到boundary=带双引号问题
  211.         for (auto iter = data.mapHeaders.begin(); iter != data.mapHeaders.end(); iter++)
  212.         {
  213.             request.setHeader(iter->first, iter->second);
  214.         }
  216.         request.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader, "multipart/form-data;boundary=" + httpMultiPart.boundary());
  217.         FOR_EACH(itemPart, multiPartDatas)
  218.         {
  219.             QHttpPart httpPart;
  220.             {
  221.                 QString strContentDisposition = QString("form-data; name="%1"%2").arg(itemPart.m_sName)
  222.                     .arg(itemPart.m_sExContentDisposition.isEmpty() ? "" : "; " + itemPart.m_sExContentDisposition);
  223.                 httpPart.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentDispositionHeader, strContentDisposition.toUtf8());
  225.                 if (itemPart.m_sContentType.isEmpty() == false)
  226.                 {
  227.                     httpPart.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader, itemPart.m_sContentType.toUtf8());
  228.                 }
  230.                 if (itemPart.m_pData)
  231.                 {
  232.                     httpPart.setBody(QByteArray((const char*)itemPart.m_pData, itemPart.m_nDataLen));
  233.                 }
  234.                 else
  235.                 {
  236.                     httpPart.setBody(itemPart.m_sValue.toUtf8());
  237.                 }
  238.             }
  240.             httpMultiPart.append(httpPart);
  241.         }
  243.         QNetworkAccessManager qNetAccessManager;
  244.         QNetworkReply* reply = qNetAccessManager.post(request, &httpMultiPart);
  245.         if (reply == nullptr)
  246.         {
  247.             errMsg = QObject::tr("发送失败");
  248.             return false;
  249.         }
  251.         QList<QByteArray> headers = reply->rawHeaderList();
  253.         // Set time out
  254.         QTimer timer;
  255.         timer.setInterval(nTimeoutmsec);    // 设置超时时间 30 秒
  256.         timer.setSingleShot(true);          // 单次触发
  258.         // Set Loop Event
  259.         QEventLoop eventLoop;
  260.         QObject::connect(&timer, &QTimer::timeout, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
  261.         QObject::connect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
  262.         timer.start();
  263.         eventLoop.exec(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);
  265.         bool bResult = false;
  266.         if (timer.isActive())
  267.         {
  268.             timer.stop();
  269.             QNetworkReply::NetworkError replyError = reply->error();
  270.             if (replyError != QNetworkReply::NoError)
  271.             {
  272.                 errMsg = reply->errorString();
  273.                 qDebug() << "Error String : " << reply->errorString() << "
  274. ";
  275.             }
  276.             else
  277.             {
  278.                 QVariant variant = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
  279.                 int nStatusCode = variant.toInt();
  280.                 if (nStatusCode == 200)
  281.                 {
  282.                     // Accept Response
  283.                     respData = reply->readAll();
  284.                     bResult = true;
  285.                 }
  286.             }
  287.         }
  288.         else
  289.         {
  290.             QObject::disconnect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
  291.             reply->abort();
  292.             qDebug() << data.strUrl << ":Timeout
  293. ";
  294.         }
  296.         reply->deleteLater();
  297.         reply = nullptr;
  299.         return bResult;
  300.     }
  302.     bool UploadMultipartData(const QString &strURL, const CMultiPartDatas &multiPartDatas, QByteArray &respData, QString &errMsg, int nTimeoutmsec)
  303.     {
  304.         // 创建网络请求
  305.         QNetworkRequest request;
  306.         request.setUrl(QUrl::fromUserInput(strURL));
  308.         QHttpMultiPart httpMultiPart(QHttpMultiPart::FormDataType);
  309.         // 解决Qt自动解析MultiPart得到boundary=带双引号问题
  310.         request.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader, "multipart/form-data;boundary=" + httpMultiPart.boundary());
  311.         foreach (itemPart, multiPartDatas)
  312.         {
  313.             QHttpPart httpPart;
  314.             {
  315.                 QString strContentDisposition = QString("form-data; name="%1"%2").arg(itemPart.m_sName)
  316.                     .arg(itemPart.m_sExContentDisposition.isEmpty() ? "" : "; " + itemPart.m_sExContentDisposition);
  317.                 httpPart.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentDispositionHeader, strContentDisposition.toUtf8());
  319.                 if (itemPart.m_						
  320. 						
  321. 						
  322. 						
  323. 						
  324. 						
  325. 						
  326.

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